Data Sources

Information in the CAMEO Chemicals database was compiled from a variety of documents and databases. On datasheets in CAMEO Chemicals, most information is followed by a notation, shown in parentheses, representing the source from which that information was taken, such as (ERG, 2024).

The following list provides additional details about those sources:

• (49 CFR 172.101)(49 CFR 172.101)

  Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). 2024. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 (Transportation), Section 172.101 (Hazardous Materials Table). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-172/subpart-B/section-172.101 (accessed April 8, 2024).

• (AIHA, 2022)(AIHA, 2022)

  American Industrial Hygiene Association Guideline Foundation. 2022. 2022 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG™) Handbook. Falls Church, VA: AIHA® Guideline Foundation. Note that this information is subject to the copyright restrictions of the organization that provided the data.

• (CISA, 2007)(CISA, 2007)

  U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. November 20, 2007. Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) Chemicals of Interest List . CFATS data source file (PDF file, 2 MB) obtained from https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/chemsec_appendixa-chemicalofinterestlist.pdf (accessed March 31, 2015). The source file is an excerpt from Appendix A of the Final Rule for the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards published in the Federal Register, Volume 72, Number 223. Appendix A is available at https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/chemsec_appendixafinalrule.pdf.

• (DOE, 2024)(DOE, 2024)

  U.S. Department of Energy, Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions. Protective Action Criteria (PAC): Chemicals with AEGLs, ERPGs, & TEELs. No specified version/release number. April 15, 2024. PACs data source file (Excel file, 1 MB) obtained from https://edms3.energy.gov/pac/TeelDocs (accessed April 15, 2024).

  Note: The PACs developers are undertaking a multi-year review and update of their dataset, with updates released on a bi-monthly basis. During this process, they have moved away from a fixed release or "revision" number. Instead of numbered releases, you can obtain the "latest" release files at the link above. If you want to learn more about the PAC Updates, you can download a separate spreadsheet focused on the changes made by batch update at https://edms3.energy.gov/pac/Home/Updates. For reference, this PACs batch update data source file (Excel file, 37 KB) was obtained from the PAC Updates page on the same date (April 15, 2024) as the main PACs data source file above.

• (DuPont, 2024)(DuPont, 2024)

  DuPont™. Fabric/Materials section of SafeSPEC™ Products Selector online tool. https://www.dupont.com/safespec/selector-tool/selectortool-chemical.html (accessed April 10, 2024). This information is also available in the DuPont Permeation Guide (PDF file, 3.3 MB), which also has information from DuPont on testing  details, cautions, and warnings. Note that this information is subject to the copyright restrictions of the organization that provided the data.

• (EPA, 1998)(EPA, 1998)

  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) Chemical Profiles and Emergency First Aid Guides. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

• (EPA List of Lists, 2024)(EPA List of Lists, 2024)

  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. May 2024. Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act. (This document is also known as "Title III Consolidated List of Lists" or just "List of Lists".) List of Lists data source file (Excel file, 240 KB) obtained from https://www.epa.gov/epcra/consolidated-list-lists (accessed May 15, 2024). A PDF version and list of changes are also available from that site.

• (ERG, 2024)(ERG, 2024)

  U.S. Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and Mexico's Secretaría de Infraestructura, Communicaciones y Transportes, with collaboration from Argentina's Centro de Información Química para Emergencias. 2024 Emergency Response Guidebook. Obtained PDF versions of the 2024 ERG in English, French, and Spanish from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/training/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg (accessed April 19, 2024) and Excel data source files were obtained upon request to ERGComments@dot.gov (accessed April 18, 2024).

• (ICSC, 2024)(ICSC, 2024)

  International Chemical Safety Cards. Provided by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the European Commission. https://inchem.org/pages/icsc.html (accessed April 8, 2024).

• (NAC/NRC, 2024)(NAC/NRC, 2024)

  National Advisory Committee (NAC) for AEGLs/National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies of Science. Access Acute Exposure Guidelines (AEGLs) Values. https://www.epa.gov/aegl/access-acute-exposure-guideline-levels-aegls-values (accessed April 8, 2024). Note that this information is subject to the copyright restrictions of the organization that provided the data.

• (NFPA, 2010)(NFPA, 2010)

  National Fire Protection Association. 2010. Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 14th edition, edited by Guy R. Colonna. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. Note that this information is subject to the copyright restrictions of the organization that provided the data.

• (NIOSH, 2024)(NIOSH, 2024)

  National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (full website version). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg (accessed April 8, 2024). The Pocket Guide is also available in a 2007 PDF version from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-149/default.html or a mobile app from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/mobilepocketguide.html.

  Note: Almost all of the (NIOSH, 2024) information comes directly from the NIOSH Pocket Guide. However, NIOSH has begun revising their IDLHImmediately Dangerous to Life and Health limits, levels of concern for adult workers; estimate of the highest concentration in air from which escape is possible without permanent injury (if their respirators fail). IDLHs are established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (www.cdc.gov/niosh). values, and the full Table of IDLH Values is available at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/intridl4.html. In a few cases, they have developed some new IDLH values that do not have associated NIOSH Pocket Guides. Where those values have been incorporated into CAMEO Chemicals, you will see both a (NIOSH, 2024) citation and a note that the value is directly from the IDLH Table.

• (NTP, 1992)(NTP, 1992)

  National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina: NTP.

• (OSHA, 2019)(OSHA, 2019)

  Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). 2019. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor), Section 1910.119 (Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-H/section-1910.119 (accessed August 23, 2021).

• (USCG, 1999)(USCG, 1999)

  U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Additionally, there are a few other sources that are not cited using notations like those listed above.

• Many CAS numbers, formulas, and synonyms are from the Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society. Note that this information is subject to the copyright restrictions of the organization that provided the data.
• USCG CHRIS Code PDFs are from the 1999 CHRIS manual, although they are not marked with (USCG, 1999).
• NIOSH Pocket Guide external website links go to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health's Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg for full website version).
• International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) external website links go to cards provided by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the European Commission (https://inchem.org/pages/icsc.html). 
• Several of the sections on the chemical datasheets were developed as part of CAMEO and related products, and these aren't specifically cited.
• Many sources were used during the development of the reactivity content, and these sources are cited within the reactivity sections themselves.