Epicynodontia

Epicynodontia; Temporal range: Late Permian-Present, 260–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Skeleton of Thrinaxodon liorhinus, a basal epicynodont
	Sperm whale, a modern-day epicynodont
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Clade:	Cynodontia
Clade:	Epicynodontia; Hopson & Kitching, 2001
Subgroups
	†Bolotridon; †Cynosaurus; †Nanictosaurus; †Nythosaurus; †Platycraniellus; †Thrinaxodon; †Vetusodon; †Galesauridae; Eucynodontia;

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Epicynodontia is a clade of cynodont therapsids that includes most cynodonts, such as galesaurids, thrinaxodontids, and Eucynodontia (including mammals). It was erected as a stem-based taxon by Hopson and Kitching (2001) and defined as the most inclusive clade containing Mammalia and excluding Procynosuchus, a Late Permian genus that is one of the most basal cynodonts.^[1]

Below is a cladogram from Pusch et al. (2023) showing one hypothesis of cynodont relationships:^[2]

References

^ Hopson, J.A.; Kitching, J.W. (2001). "A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 156 (1): 5–35.
^ Pusch, L. C.; Kammerer, C. F.; Fernandez, V.; Fröbisch, J. (2023). "Cranial anatomy of Nythosaurus larvatus Owen, 1876, an Early Triassic cynodont preserving a natural endocast". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3): e2174441. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2174441. S2CID 257419409.

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[HK01-1] Hopson, J.A.; Kitching, J.W. (2001). "A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 156 (1): 5–35.

[Pusch2023-2] Pusch, L. C.; Kammerer, C. F.; Fernandez, V.; Fröbisch, J. (2023). "Cranial anatomy of Nythosaurus larvatus Owen, 1876, an Early Triassic cynodont preserving a natural endocast". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3): e2174441. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2174441. S2CID 257419409.

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