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Chlamyphoridae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chlamyphoridae
Temporal range: Middle Eocene to present
Southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus)
Illustration of a skeleton of Doedicurus clavicaudatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cingulata
Family: Chlamyphoridae
Bonaparte, 1850
Type genus
Chlamyphorus
Harlan, 1825
Subfamilies
Taxidermied pink fairy armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus)

Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillos, there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae could be paraphyletic based on morphological evidence.[1][2][3][4] In 2016, an analysis of Doedicurus mtDNA found it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade consisting of Chlamyphorinae and Tolypeutinae.[5][6] For this reason, all extant armadillos but Dasypus were relocated to a new family.

Classification

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Below is a taxonomy of the extant species of armadillos in this family.

Family Chlamyphoridae

Phylogeny

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Chlamyphoridae, like Dasypodidae, is a basal clade within Cingulata, as shown below.

Cingulata cladogram[5][7][8]
 
 Cingulata 
 Chlamyphoridae 
 Euphractinae 
   
 Euphractus 
   

 E. sexcinctus

   
   

(31 other extinct genera)

 Dasypodidae 
   
   
 Dasypus 

 (7 living species)

 (26 extinct genera)

References

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  1. ^ Simpson, G. G. (1945). The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. History., 85.
  2. ^ Grassé, P. P. (1955). "Ordre des édentés". Traité de zoologie. 17 (2): 1182–1246.
  3. ^ Engelmann, G. F. (1985). The phylogeny of the Xenarthra. The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 51-64.
  4. ^ Wible, J. R. (2006). 6 The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata): A Craniodental Analysis. Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 153-198.
  5. ^ a b Delsuc, F.; Gibb, G. C.; Kuch, M.; Billet, G.; Hautier, L.; Southon, J.; Rouillard, J.-M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Vizcaíno, S. F.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Poinar, H. N. (2016-02-22). "The phylogenetic affinities of the extinct glyptodonts". Current Biology. 26 (4): R155–R156. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.039. hdl:11336/49579. PMID 26906483.
  6. ^ Gillian C. Gibb; Fabien L. Condamine; Melanie Kuch; Jacob Enk; Nadia Moraes-Barros; Mariella Superina; Hendrik N. Poinar; Frédéric Delsuc (2016). "Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (3): 621–642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv250. PMC 4760074. PMID 26556496.
  7. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLoS Biol. 17 (12): e3000494. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494. PMC 6892540. PMID 31800571.
  8. ^ Gibb, Gillian C.; Condamine, Fabien L.; Kuch, Melanie; Enk, Jacob; Moraes-Barros, Nadia; Superina, Mariella; Poinar, Hendrik N.; Delsuc, Frédéric (2015). "Shotgun mitogenomics provides a reference phylogenetic framework and timescale for living xenarthrans". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (3): 621–642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv250. PMC 4760074. PMID 26556496.