Terrorism in Bangladesh

Terrorism in Bangladesh
	; The bomb blasts carried out by Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh on 17 August 2005.
Date	First phase:; 1972-24 November 1975 (3 years); Second phase:; 1977-2 December 1997 (20 years); Third phase:; 18 January 1999-present (25 years);
Location	Bangladesh (spillover into Myanmar and India)
Status	Ongoing
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Casualties and losses
	Civilians: 50,724+ dead

Bangladesh has experienced terrorism in the past conducted by a number of different organisations.^[6]^[7] In the past, both ISIL and other terrorist organisations had claimed to be active in the country. However, the Bangladeshi government believes that they mainly operated through local affiliates, before being neutralised by security forces.

History

The first Bangladeshi Islamist factions emerged in 1989, when a network of 30 different factions was established and expanded in the following years. The main goal of most Islamist groups in Bangladesh is to create a separate Islamic state, or to govern Bangladesh according to Sharia law. Islamist groups have conducted operations against the ruling party's corruptions in the country. Islamic groups are alleged to be terrorists for political interests.^[8]^{[self-published source?]}

Timeline

First phase

1972

1973

On 1 January 1973, Mohammad Abdul Jalil would form the Biplobi Shainik Sangstha.^[9]
On April 1973, Siraj Sikder, the founder of the Maoist group, Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party, would form the Purba Banglar Jatiya Mukti Front and declare war against the Bangladeshi government.^[10]

1974

1975

On 2 January 1975, Siraj Sikder would be shot and killed by the police in Savar Upazila, Dhaka.^[10]
On 15 August 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman would be assassinated by group of mutineers from the Bangladesh Army and most of his family members would be killed.^[11]
On 3 November 1975, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, Mujib's usurper,^[a] would be ousted out of power by Maj. Gen. Khaled Mosharraf and three other high-ranking officers in a bloodless counter-coup.^[15]
On 7 November 1975, Maj. Gen. Khaled Mosharraf, Col. A. T. M. Haider, and Col. Khondkar Nazmul Huda would be killed in another counter-coup led by the JaSaD-backed Biplobi Shainik Sangstha.^[15]
On 24 November 1975, JaSaD leader, Abu Taher would be arrested under the order of Ziaur Rahman. A few months later, Abu Taher would be executed on 21 July 1976, ending the first phase of the conflict.^[16]

Second phase

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

Third phase

1999

On 18 January 1999, Harkat-ul Jihad al-Islami Bangladesh carried out at assassination attempt on Shamsur Rahman.^[17]
On 6 March 1999, bomb attack on Bangladesh Udichi Shilpigoshthi in Jessore killed 10.^[18]
15 March 1999 bomb attack on the home of Mohibur Rahman Manik, Awami League member of parliament, killing two.^[19]
On 8 December 1999, an Ahmadi mosque was bombed, killing 8.^[18]

2001

On 20 January 2001, a communist party of Bangladesh rally was bombed, which resulted in the death of five people and the wounding of 70 others.^[18]
On 14 April 2001, 10 people were killed in a series of bombings perpetrated by Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami.^[20]
On 1 June 2001, 10 people were killed in Gopalganj Roman Catholic church bombing.^[18]
On 16 June 2001, a rally of Bangladesh Awami League in bombed in Narayanganj.^[18]
On 23 September 2001, a rally of Bangladesh Awami League in Bagerhat was bombed.^[18]
On 26 September 2001, a rally of Bangladesh Awami League was bombed in Sunamganj, kills 4.^[18]
On 16 November 2001, the death of Gopal Krishna Muhuri took place in Chittagong.^[21]^[22]

2002

On 6 December 2002, 27 people were killed in coordinated bombing of cinema halls in Mymensingh.^[18]
On 28 September 2002, 3 people were killed and 100 injured in bombing of a cinema hall and circus in Satkhira.^[18]

2003

On 17 January 2003, bomb blast at a shrine fair in Tangail.^[23]
On 8 February 2003, Sayed Kawsar Hossain Siddique founded an Islamist organization named "Shahadat-e al Hiqma".^[24]^[25]
On 1 March 2003, a police sergeant was killed in a bomb attack in Khulna.^[18]
On 11 March 2003, two police constables were killed in a bomb attack.^[18]
On 12 March 2003, a police subedar was killed in a bomb attack in Khulna city.^[26]
On 6 September 2003, Bangladesh Awami League leader killed in bomb attack.^[18]

2004

On 12 January 2004, bombing of Shajalal Shrine kills 12.^[18]
On 13 January 2004, a bomb attack on Fazlur Rahman, joint secretary of Sharsha Upazila unit of the Awami League, in Benapol kills him and injures six.^[27]
On 13 January 2004,, three people were killed in a bomb attack on Shah Jalal Dargah.^[28]
On 13 January 2004, a bomb was thrown on an on duty traffic sergeant which failed to explode in Moilapota intersection, Khulna.^[29]
On 15 January 2004, Manik Chandra Saha, journalist, killed in terror attack.^[18]
On 24 January 2004, a police camp was bombed in Bagerhat injuring three police officers.^[26]
On 20 February 2004, movie house at Rupsha Upazila was bombed injuring 4.^[30]
On 4 March 2004, a Bangladesh Awami League leader was killed in a bomb attack in Bagerhat and one Awami League leader was assassinated in Narayanganj.^[31]
On 4 August 2004, a bomb attack on Rangmahal Cinema and at Monika Cinema in Sylhet killed one and injured ten.^[32]
On 21 August 2004, HuJI militants perpetrated a grenade attack on an Awami League rally in Dhaka, resulting in 24 deaths and over 300 injuries.^[33]
On 24 December 2004, Rajshahi University Professor Mohammad Yunus was killed in an attack by JMB.^[34]

2005

On 17 August 2005, a total of 500 bombs exploded in 300 locations covering most of the territory of Bangladesh, 2 people were killed and 50 wounded in the incident. Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh later claimed responsibility for the bombings.^[35]
On 1 October 2005, Mufti Abdul Hannan, the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Bangladesh, would be arrested.^[36]
On 3 October 2005, Chittagong court, Chandpur Court and Laxmipur court were attacked with bombs.^[37]
On 14 November 2005, JMB kills two judges in bomb attack in Jhalaikathi.^[37]
On 29 November 2005 suicide attack on Gazipur Courthouse.^[37]
On 29 November 2005 Chittagong court house bombed.^[37]
On 8 December 2005 suicide bomb attack on Netrokona udichi festival.^[37]

2006

On 19 December 2006, a top leader of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, Abdullah al-Tasnim, would be arrested by the police.^[38]

2008

On 1 January 2008, Amirul Islam, a regional leader of the Biplobi Communist Party, was killed in a shootout with the police.^[39]

2009

On 30 October 2009, three people were killed in a bomb attack on Shah Jalal Dargah.^[40]

2011

On 28 July 2011, the court of the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate in Rajshahi sent the founder of Shahadat-e al Hiqma, Sayed Kawsar Hossain Siddique, to jail.^[41]

2014

On 28 January 2014, a PBCP leader, Islam Sabuj, would be killed in a shootout with the police.^[42]
On April 2014, Abdullah al-Tasnim would be bailed out of jail.^[38]
On July 2014, Jakir Khandakar allegedly reactivated Shahadat-e al Hiqma and shifted headquarters to Bandarban District, Chittagong.^[43]
On 17 September 2014, acting on a tip, Rapid Action Battalion discovered and dismantled a weapons and explosives storage facility located in the Satchhari forest, Chunarughat Upazila, Habiganj. 112 rocket launchers and 14 sacks of explosive material were confiscated during the operation.^[44]
On 18 September 2014, police arrested 7 JMB terrorists, including a top commander Abdullah al-Tasnim, in the Landing Station Port area. The militants intended to utilise 10 kilograms of liquid explosives, in a number of terrorist acts throughout the country, in order to establish cooperation with ISIL.^[45]
On 1 November 2014, a Rapid Action Battalion operation led to the capture of JMB's main coordinator Abdun Nur as well as four other militants. IED components were also seized.^[46]

2015

On 26 February 2015, Bangladeshi-American blogger, Avijit Roy, and his wife, Rafida Bonya Ahmed, were attacked by members of Ansarullah Bangla Team with machetes.^[47]^[48]^[49] Avijit Roy would end up dying while his wife would survive.
On 5 November 2015, a 'top leader' of the PBSP-MBRM and former cadre of the GMF, Sahinur Rahman, would be killed in a shootout with the Detective Branch of the Bangladesh Police at Sadar Upazila, Rajbari District.^[50]

2016

On 15 March 2016, ISIL claimed responsibility for murdering a Muslim preacher in Bangladesh.^[51]
On 22 March 2016, unidentified attackers hacked a Christian convert to death in northern Bangladesh.^[52] A day after, ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.^[53]
On 7 April 2016, a secular blogger was hacked to death by Islamists who claimed to be part of al-Qaeda.^[54]^[55]
On 23 April 2016, an university professor, A. F. M. Rezaul Karim Siddique, was hacked to death on his way to work in northern Bangladesh. Without any evidence, ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.^[56]^[57]
On 25 April 2016, al-Qaeda terrorists hacked LGBTQ activist, Xulhaz Mannan, and his friend to death in his apartment.^[58]^[59]
On 30 April 2016, a Hindu tailor was hacked to death in his store. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.^[60] On the next day, Bangladesh authorities arrested three ISIL suspects for the murder.^[61]
On 21 May 2016, a homeopathic doctor was hacked to death in Bangladesh. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.^[62]
On 1 July 2016, militants hacked a Buddhist farmer to death in Bandarban District. Mong Shwe Lung Marma, 55, was also vice president of the Bangladesh Awami League. ISIL fighters claimed responsibility for the murder.^[63]
On 1 July 2016, five attackers opened fire inside the Holey Artisan Bakery located in the Gulshan neighbourhood, which is also part of the diplomatic enclave of Dhaka. Around 22 civilians and 2 police officers were killed. All five attackers were neutralised by the commando units of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, who stormed the building.^[64]^[65]
On 27 August 2016, three militants, including Abu Dujanah al-Bengali, were killed during a joint forces raid at a house in Narayanganj Sadar Upazila. Monirul Islam, chief of Dhaka Metropolitan Police counter-terrorism unit, confirmed his death in an announcement reported in the Bangladeshi newspaper.^[66]^[67]

2017

On 14 March 2017, A Muslim Sufi spiritual leader and his daughter were shot and hacked to death by unknown militants in northern Bangladesh.^[68]
On 17 March 2017, 2017 Dhaka RAB camp suicide bombing: A suicide bomber blew himself up inside an under construction camp of the anti-crime Rapid Action Battalion, mildly injuring two security personnel.^[69]
On 24 March 2017, A suicide bomber blew himself up outside the police check-post, which was located on the road leading to the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport causing no injuries to other people. ISIL claimed the attack.^[70]
On 25 March 2017, 2017 South Surma Upazila bombings: A suicide bombing killed four civilians, two police officers and wounded around 40 during a security forces raid on a suspected terrorist hideout in South Surma Upazila, Bangladesh. ISIL claimed responsibility. Four militants were also killed.^[71]
On 12 April 2017, Mufti Abdul Hannan, the cheif of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Bangladesh, alongside two associates, would be executed at Kashimpur Prison almost 12 years after being arrested.^[72]

2018

On 11 March 2018, 35-year-old Notun Moni Chakma, a member of the United People's Democratic Front, would be stabbed to death by unidentified assailants in Goboghona village, Rangamati.^[73] The United People's Democratic Front would claim that the assailants were from the PCJSS-MN Larma, a rival group.
On 28 May 2018, three members of the United People's Democratic Front would be gunned down by unidentified assailants in Korolyachhari, Baghaichhari Upazila.^[74] The United People's Democratic Front would blame the attack on two rival groups, the PCJSS-MN Larma and the United People's Democratic Front (Democratic).^[75]

2019

On 29 June 2019, acting on a tipoff, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) arrested five members of banned militant outfit Ansar Al Islam (AAI) from Belpukur area in Puthia Upazila of Rajshahi. RAB recovered a pistol, 24 crude bombs, five bullets, two magazines, 10 jihadi books and eight organisational notebooks from them.^[76]
On 26 August 2019, members of the United People's Democratic Front would get into a shootout with a group of patrolling soldiers in Dighinala Upazila, Khagrachhari during noon, 3 members of the United People's Democratic Front would die.^[77]

2020

On 28 December 2020, Rashidul Islam, a regional leader of Gono Mukti Fouz was arrested by RAB-12 in Kushtia District, Khulna after a raid.^[78] One rifle, one pistol, 16 rounds of ammunition and "domestic weapons" were recovered.

2021

On 18 January 2021, a Khulna court would sentence five cadres of Purbo Banglar Communist Party-Janajuddho to life imprisonment.^[79]
On July 2021, the United People's Democratic Front's Joan Chakma led a contingent of Buddhist-Chakmas to Suandrapara, a village of the Bawm Christian convert community, where they issued threats and conducted two violent raids leading to them damaging a church.^[80]
On 30 July 2021, four members of the United People's Democratic Front were arrested in Langadu Upazila, Rangamati for extortion.^[81]

2022

On 18 July 2022, Bangladesh Police announced arrests of Nur Mohammad, chairman of ARSA's fatwa committee, and Abu Bakkar, a commander of the group accused of the killings of Rohingyas in October 2021. The two were stated to have been arrested on 7 and 17 July respectively. Armed Police Battalion unit 14 commander Naimul Haque claimed that they had arrested 836 Rohingyas linked to ARSA in the last six months.^[82]

2023

On 21 July 2023, ARSA commander Hafez Nur Mohammad was captured by the Rapid Action Battalion in Cox's Bazar.^[83]

2024

On 18 May 2024, two members of the United People's Democratic Front would be shot dead by presumed rivals of the United People's Democratic Front in Langadu Upazila,^[84] the United People's Democratic Front would blame the attack on the PCJSS.
On 9 June 2024, four members of the Kuki-Chin National Front, identified as Moithang Bom, Jouthan Bom, Thomas Edison Bom and Lal Ronih Sang Bom, were arrested in Jurvarang, Paindu Union, Ruma Upazila, Bandarban District.^[85]

Notes

^ In Bangladesh Italian Marble Works Ltd. v. Government of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court ruled that Mostaq's accession to the Presidency was illegal as it violated the line of succession and occurred after a military coup. Therefore, it was declared that Mostaq was a usurper and all Ordinances rendered by him under martial law were null and void of any legal effect.^[12]^[13]^[14]

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[15] In Bangladesh Italian Marble Works Ltd. v. Government of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court ruled that Mostaq's accession to the Presidency was illegal as it violated the line of succession and occurred after a military coup. Therefore, it was declared that Mostaq was a usurper and all Ordinances rendered by him under martial law were null and void of any legal effect.^[12]^[13]^[14]

[1] "Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB), South Asia Terrorism Portal". www.satp.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016.

[satp.org-2] "datasheet-terrorist-attack-fatalities". South Asia Terrorism Portal.

[3] "Bangladesh police arrest 'most wanted' ARSA member at Rohingya camp". Radio Free Asia. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[4] "Why is Kuki-Chin suddenly attacking banks?". Somoy News. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2024.

[5] "United People's Democratic Front (UPDF)". The Daily Star. Retrieved 1 September 2024.

[6] "Fatalities-Islamist Terrorism 2005 - 2017 - South Asia Terrorism Portal". Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2016.

[7] "Fatalities - Left-wing Extremism 2005 - 2017 - South Asia Terrorism Portal". Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2016.

[8] Sohel, Sahiduzzaman (20 November 2010). "Terrorism in Bangladesh". Academia. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

[9] "When Gen Zia betrayed Col Taher". The Daily Observer. 27 January 2015. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[bpedia-10] Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Sikder, Siraj". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 20 September 2024.

[11] "Mujib Reported Overthrown and Killed In a Coup by the Bangladesh Military". The New York Times. 15 August 1975. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[12] Hasan Pias, Mehedi (16 August 2020). "Inside the Indemnity Ordinance that protected the killers of Bangabandhu". Bdnews24.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[13] "Civil Petition for Leave to Appeal Nos. 1044 & 1045 OF 2009" (PDF). The Daily Star. 2 February 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[14] Ali Manik, Julfikar (25 August 2010). "5th amendment verdict paves way for justice". The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[:0-16] Rahman, Anisur (6 November 2019). "Khaled Mosharraf Killing: An Eyewitness Account". Daily Sun. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

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