United States presidential election
The election of the President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect vote in which citizens cast ballots for a set of members of the U.S. Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes for the President and Vice President. If both votes result in an absolute majority, the election is over. If a majority of electors do not vote for President, the House of Representatives chooses the President; if a majority of electors do not vote for Vice President, the Senate votes. Presidential elections occur quadrennially on Election Day, which since 1845 has been the Tuesday after the first Monday in November,[1][2] coinciding with the general elections of various other federal, state, and local races. The most recent United States presidential election was held on November 3, 2020.
List of presidential elections
[change | change source]These are the lists of every U.S. presidential elections since 1788 to 2020.
Bold indicates the winners and results of each election.
Each colour represents each party (winner) in every election.[a]
- Parties
Independent Federalist Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican National Union (1864)
Eligibility
[change | change source]To be eligible to be president, a candidate must:
- Be a natural-born citizen of the United States[v][7]
- Be at least 35 years old[7]
- Have been a resident of the United States for 14 years[7]
Notes
[change | change source]- ↑ Some presidents that is not elected due to resigned, death, etc...
- ↑ This list only includes the candidates who got electoral votes.
- ↑ Each elector had two votes before the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Jefferson and Burr both received 73 votes, resulting in a tie. The United States House of Representatives subsequently elected Jefferson as president.
- ↑ Three electors from three states (Mississippi, Pennsylvania and Tennessee) pledged to the Monroe/Tompkins ticket died before the Electoral College convened and were not replaced. Additionally, one faithless elector (in New Hampshire) cast his vote for Adams/Rush.
- ↑ The result of the election was inconclusive, as no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote. In the election for vice president, John C. Calhoun was elected with a comfortable majority of the vote. Because none of the candidates for president garnered an electoral vote majority, the U.S. House of Representatives, under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, held a contingent election. On February 9, 1825, the House voted (with each state delegation casting one vote) to elect John Quincy Adams as president, ultimately giving the election to him.[3][4]
- ↑ 234 electors were permitted to cast votes; however, an elector from Nevada pledged to the Lincoln/Johnson ticket was snowbound and unable to cast a vote for President or Vice President, bringing the total number of electoral votes cast to 233.[5]
- ↑ Elections were held in Arkansas and Louisiana; however, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all electoral votes from those states (6 and 8, respectively) were invalidated.
- ↑ Greeley died after the election, but prior to the Electoral College meeting. Greeley had won 66 pledged electors, of which 63 cast their votes for other candidates. 3 Georgian electors voted for Greeley; however, their votes were rejected.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Truman earned 304 pledged electors, Thurmond 38. Truman lost one vote in Tennessee to Preston Parks, who voted for Thurmond & Wright, despite Truman carrying the state.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Truman earned 304 pledged electors, Thurmond 38. Truman lost one vote in Tennessee to Preston Parks, who voted for Thurmond & Wright, despite Truman carrying the state.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Stevenson earned 74 pledged electors, but he lost one vote in Alabama to W. F. Turner, who voted for Jones & Talmadge, despite Stevenson carrying the state.
- ↑ One Oklahoma faithless elector voted for Harry F. Byrd for President and Barry Goldwater for Vice President.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Nixon earned 302 pledged electors, Wallace 45. Nixon lost one vote in North Carolina to Lloyd W. Bailey, who voted for Wallace & LeMay, even though Nixon carried the state.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Nixon earned 302 pledged electors, Wallace 45. Nixon lost one vote in North Carolina to Lloyd W. Bailey, who voted for Wallace & LeMay, even though Nixon carried the state.
- ↑ A faithless Republican elector voted for the Libertarian ticket: Hospers–Nathan
- ↑ A faithless Republican elector, Mike Padden in Washington, voted for Ronald Reagan to be president. Padden voted for Bob Dole to be vice president as pledged. As a result, Ford had 240 electoral votes instead of 241.
- ↑ A faithless Democratic elector voted for Bentsen for president and Dukakis for vice president.
- ↑ 267 electors pledged to the Gore/Lieberman ticket were elected; however, an elector from the District of Columbia abstained from casting a vote for president or vice president, bringing the ticket's total number of electoral votes to 266.
- ↑ One Minnesota elector voted for Edwards for both president and vice president.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to faithless electors. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.
- ↑ In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to faithless electors. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.
- ↑ The authority most often cited for the meaning of "natural born" is William Blackstone. In hisCommentaries on the Laws of England, Volume II, edited by St. George Tucker (one of the Founding Fathers of the United States), published in 1803, Chapter 10:
As to the qualifications of members to sit at this board: any natural born subject of England is capable of being a member of the privy council; taking the proper oaths for security of the government, and the test for security of the church. But, in order to prevent any persons under foreign attachments from insinuating themselves into this important trust, as happened in the reign of king William in many instances, it is enacted by the act of settlement,l that no person born out of the dominions of the crown of England, unless born of English parents, even though naturalized by parliament, shall be capable of being of the privy council.[6]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Caldwell, Leigh Ann (November 4, 2015). "A Viewer's Guide to the Next Year in Presidential Politics". NBC News. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- ↑ Cohen, Andrew (October 29, 2012). "Could a Hurricane Like Sandy Postpone the Presidential Election?". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- ↑ Robin Kolodny, "The Several Elections of 1824." Congress & the Presidency: A Journal of Capital Studies 23#2 (1996) online[dead link].
- ↑ George Dangerfield, George. The Awakening of American Nationalism: 1815-1828 (1965) pp 212–230.
- ↑ Rocha, Guy. "Nevada Myths". Nevada State Library and Archives. Archived from the original on September 8, 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ↑ "Presidential Eligibility". The Constitution Society. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". The National Archives. Retrieved 17 March 2016.(Article II, Section 1)